漓江沉积柱重金属垂向分布特征及污染评价

对桂林漓江3个采样点沉积柱状沉积物中主要重金属元素(Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、As和Ni)的垂向分布进行了测定。结果表明:7种重金属元素具有相似的垂向变化特征;横向上表现为靠近市区的含量高远离,市区的含量低。地积累指数评价结果显示,远离市区的沉积柱7种金属污染程度较轻,仅有Cd和Ni属于无～中污染程度。临近市区的沉积柱形成污染的元素为Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb和As,主要集中在底层和次表层。     

Resistance and biosorption mechanism of silver ions by Bacillus cereus biomass

Biosorption of silver ions onto Bacillus cereus biomass was investigated. Overall kinetic experiments were performed for the determination of the necessary contact time for the attainment of equilibrium. It was found that the overall biosorption process was best described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. The crystals detected by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested the precipitation was a possible mechanism of biosorption. The molecular genetics of silver resistance of B. cereus biomass was also detected and illustrated by a whole cell sensor tool.     

Archaeal community structure along a gradient of petroleum contamination in saline-alkali soil

The impact of petroleum on archaeal community in salinealkali soils was investigated, which will expand the knowledge of the archaeal population involved in the natural attenuation of hydrocarbons in extreme environments.     

实验室含铅、镉废水的处理方法探究

文章报道了利用一种新型的环境矿物材料-羟基磷灰石处理实验室高浓度铅、镉污水的方法,该方法与《环境水质监测质量保证手册》中的消石灰处理法相比具有去除速度快、经济有效、无二次污染、安全环保等显著优点。本文还采用消石灰处理法对一次处理后的废水的上清液进行二次处理,这样能使实验室含高浓度的铅、镉废水,在处理后达到地表水三级质量标准。     

软土地区高墩梁桥抗震支座选型及横向约束构造研究∗

为了研究软土地区地震作用下高墩先简支后桥面连续梁桥的支座选型及横桥向抗震约束问题,选取了普通板式橡胶支座、钢阻尼滑板支座、LNR 橡胶支座和 HDR 高阻尼支座四种支座类型,以软土地区某(4×30)m 跨径高墩先简支后桥面连续梁桥为例,进行了延性抗震体系和减隔震体系抗震设计对比以及设置挡块的横桥向抗震约束效果研究。结果表明：软土地区高墩先简支后桥面连续梁桥墩柱配筋率主要由 E1 地震作用下墩底截面偏心受压检算工况决定,采用减隔震体系并不能降低桥墩配筋率。通过对采用四种不同支座桥梁的内力、墩梁相对位移以及配筋率方面综合分析可知,软土地区高墩先简支后桥面连续梁桥的周期较长,这类桥梁抗震关键问题是防止落梁、减小墩顶位移。采用普通板式橡胶支座并合理的设计纵横向防落梁装置的延性抗震体系更适宜于软土地区高墩梁式桥,合理设计抗震挡块可以起到很好的横向约束作用,避免横向落梁的发生。     

不同添加剂对铅冶炼污染石灰性土壤的修复及土壤性质的影响研究

探讨了污水处理厂脱水污泥、枯草和磷矿粉对受铅冶炼污染的石灰性土壤(全Pb、Cd、Zn含量分别为2337、21.4、486 mg·kg-1,DTPA提取态Pb、Cd、Zn含量分别为1035、14.5、68.7 mg·kg-1)中重金属的稳定效果及对土壤性质的影响.其中,污泥和枯草均按200 g·kg-1(干重)的用量施用,磷矿粉按n(P)∶n(Pb)=2∶1比例施用,培养80 d.研究结果表明,单独施用污泥可使土壤DTPA-Pb含量降低18.0%(p0.05),并可显著降低土壤pH,增加土壤氮、磷有效性和电导率、DTPA-Cd、DTPA-Zn含量,其中,DTPA-Cd、DTPA-Zn含量增加比例均达到10%以上.单独施用枯草可使土壤DTPA-Pb含量降低10.7%(p0.05),土壤有机质含量增加26.4%(p0.05),对土壤其它性状影响较小.磷矿粉单独施用时对土壤性质影响较小.与污泥单独施用相比,磷矿粉与污泥配合施用时,可使土壤DTPA-Cd含量降低11.9%.     

利用热活化过硫酸盐技术去除阿特拉津

利用热活化过硫酸盐(S2O2-8)技术去除水中的阿特拉津(ATZ).结果表明,增加溶液中S2O2-8浓度或提高溶液反应温度,可加速ATZ的降解.ATZ的降解是一个二级反应,其速率和溶液中ATZ和S2O2-8的浓度都成正比.初始pH为3.0~10.0时,S2O2-8对ATZ都有很好的降解效果,在酸性和中性时,降解效率高于碱性条件.利用自由基探针发现,在酸性和中性条件下,起降解作用的主要是SO·-4,而碱性条件下OH·占主导.ATZ的降解受到Cl-、CO2-3和腐殖质(HA)的影响.其中,Cl-对反应的影响比较复杂,低浓度时Cl-会生成具有高氧化还原电位的Cl·促进ATZ的降解,而高浓度时Cl·会继续反应生成氧化能力相对较弱的Cl2·-,从而抑制反应的进行.HA和CO2-3都对反应有明显的抑制作用.     

K_2Cr_2O_7法和紫外分光光度法测定污水COD的对比研究

分别利用重铬酸钾法、重铬酸钾紫外分光光度法和紫外分光光度法测定污水的COD极差分别为2.43mg/L、1.19 mg/L和4.72 mg/L,RE%分别为0.84%、0.53%和1.36%,重铬酸钾紫外分光光度法和紫外分光光度法的线性范围分别在0~280 mg/L和0~400 mg/L.结果表明:重铬酸钾紫外分光光度法测定的准确度和精密度最高,简化了用标准溶液进行标定的步骤,缩短了实验时间;紫外分光光度法测定的结果准确度和精密度相对差一些,但是快速、操作简单、节省试剂,为广大环境工作者提供借鉴参考的实例。     

Aging and compressibility of municipal solid wastes

The expansion of a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill requires the ability to predict settlement behavior of the existing landfill. The practice of using a single compressibility value when performing a settlement analysis may lead to inaccurate predictions. This paper gives consideration to changes in the mechanical compressibility of MSW as a function of the fill age of MSW as well as the embedding depth of MSW. Borehole samples representative of various fill ages were obtained from five boreholes drilled to the bottom of the Qizhishan landfill in Suzhou, China. Thirty-one borehole samples were used to perform confined compression tests. Waste composition and volume-mass properties (i.e., unit weight, void ratio, and water content) were measured on all the samples. The test results showed that the compressible components of the MSW (i.e., organics, plastics, paper, wood and textiles) decreased with an increase in the fill age. The in situ void ratio of the MSW was shown to decrease with depth into the landfill. The compression index, Cc, was observed to decrease from 1.0 to 0.3 with depth into the landfill. Settlement analyses were performed on the existing landfill, demonstrating that the variation of MSW compressibility with fill age or depth should be taken into account in the settlement prediction.     

湘江株洲段丰水期镉污染负荷总量测算及分配

以2010年8月湘江干流株洲段代表性断面水质与底泥监测资料以及其他资料为基础,采用WASP7模型模拟该江段丰水期镉浓度,并进行镉污染负荷测算与分配。研究结果表明,WASP7模型较好地重现了镉浓度的变化规律,8月份该河段上游镉入流量2 446.33 kg,下游出流量3 076.44 kg,区间增量630.12 kg,其中点源负荷量241.67 kg,占38.4%,面源负荷量304.49 kg,占48.3%,内源负荷量为83.96 kg,占13.3%。